Pea Ridge
Elkhorn Tavern
Civil War Arkansas

American Civil War
March 6-8, 1862

On the night of March 6, Major General Earl Van Dorn set out to outflank the Union position near Pea Ridge, dividing his army into two columns.

Learning of Van Dorn's approach, the Federals marched north to meet his advance on March 7. This movement compounded by the killing of two generals, Brigadier General Ben McCulloch and Brigadier General James McQueen McIntosh, and the capture of their ranking colonel—halted the Rebel attack.

Van Dorn led a second column to meet the Federals in the Elkhorn Tavern and Tanyard area. By nightfall, the Confederates controlled Elkhorn Tavern and Telegraph Road.

The next day March 8, Major General Samuel R. Curtis, having regrouped and consolidated his army, counterattacked near the tavern and, by successfully employing his artillery, slowly forced the Rebels back. Running short of ammunition, Van Dorn abandoned the battlefield.

The Union controlled Missouri for the next two years.

Result(s): Union victory

Location: Benton County

Campaign: Pea Ridge Campaign (1862)

Date(s): March 6-8, 1862

Principal Commanders: Major General Samuel R. Curtis [US]; Major General Earl Van Dorn [CS]

Forces Engaged: Army of the Southwest [US]; Army of the West [CS]

Estimated Casualties: 5,949 total (US 1,349; CS 4,600)

Pea Ridge Arkansas March 7, 1862


Pea Ridge Arkansas March 8, 1862

Civil War Battle Map Pea Ridge Arkansas

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This is the War Between the States from the viewpoint of a mother, son, and daughter trying to survive as Yankees overrun their land, bushwhackers and jayhawkers ride in at night to take whatever they want (including the family's 17-year-old daughter), Indians from the nearby Indian Territory knock on their door unexpectedly, and a wounded Yankee comes under their care -- and all the while, their husband/father is off in the Confederate army, and the lack of any word from him adds to the family's tension. Littered throughout are closeup vignettes of actual participants in the battle of Pea Ridge -- Union and Confederate commanders are portrayed with such clarity, you will never forget them.

Annie Heloise Abel describes the 1862 Battle of Pea Ridge, a bloody disaster for the confederates but a glorious moment for Colonel Stand Watie and his Cherokee Mounted Rifles. The Indians were soon enough swept by the war into a vortex of confusion and chaos. Able makes clear that their participation in the conflict brought only devastation to Indian Territory.

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Arkansas Civil War History Book Club Reading Titles


Into the Mouth of the Cannon: A Historical Biography of the 18th Arkansas Infantry and the Civil War in the Western Theater from 1861 to 1863

No one knew the truths of slavery better than the slaves themselves, but no one consulted them until the 1930s. Then, recognizing that this generation of unique witnesses would soon be lost to history, the Works Progress Administration's Federal Writers' Project acted to interview as many former slaves as possible. In a continuation of the project's interest in the life histories of ordinary people, writers interviewed over two thousand former slaves, more than a third of them in Arkansas. These oral histories were first published in the 1970s in a thirty-nine-volume series organized by state, and they transformed America's understanding of slavery.

With Fire And Sword: Arkansas, 1861-1874 provides a scholarly examination of just how the events of the Civil War and the Reconstruction so heavily devastated the state of Arkansas, its population and its economy, that this southern state was never to fully regained the level of prosperity it had enjoyed prior to the war. A candid and detailed retracing of crucial decisions, their interplay, and their lasting legacy, With Fire And Sword is a welcome contribution to the growing library of Civil War literature and Reconstruction Era reference collections and reading lists.

Sources:
U.S. National Park Service
U.S. Library of Congress.